Each person has 4 tiny parathyroid glands in the neck, located near or attached to the back side of the thyroid gland. These glands help control calcium and phosphorus levels in the blood by producing parathyroid hormone (PTH). The main task of the parathyroid hormone (PTH) is to adjust the level of calcium and the level of phosphorus in the body. Parathyroid disorders occur when PTH is less or more than the required level. Congenital hypoparathyroidism is a condition in which PTH is less than normal. Most common genetic disorder associated with it is DiGeorge’s syndrome. Congenital hyperparathyroidism is a condition in which PTH is more than normal. Hyperparathyroidism can generally be divided into two types based on the cause. Primary hyperparathyroidism usually occurs randomly, but some people inherit a gene that causes the disorder. Secondary hyperparathyroidism is the result of another condition that lowers calcium levels. Therefore, your parathyroid glands overwork to compensate for the loss of calcium (for instance: Severe calcium deficiency, Severe vitamin D deficiency).
Symptoms of congenital hyperparathyroidism: The most common Symptoms of hyperthyroidism in children are listed below. Children have more symptoms than adults, and other parts of their bodies, including kidney, pancreas and bones, are more likely to be involved.
Symptoms of congenital hyporparathyroidism: Due to the high calcium needs of the skeleton during infancy and childhood, hypoparathyroidism in children is often symptomatic and is diagnosed because of the clinical symptoms such as:
Depending on the type of disorder and the age of the children, drugs or surgery is performed.
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hyperparathyroidism/symptoms-causes/syc-20356194
https://www.endocrine-abstracts.org/ea/0049/ea0049s1.1
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/921453-overview
https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?ContentTypeID=90&ContentID=P01958
https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/hyperparathyroidism-children