{"id":5279,"date":"2019-02-20T10:51:13","date_gmt":"2019-02-20T10:51:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ahmadfanaei.com\/?p=5279\/"},"modified":"2019-02-20T10:51:13","modified_gmt":"2019-02-20T10:51:13","slug":"how-is-thyroid-function-in-preterm-infants","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ahmadfanaei.com\/en\/how-is-thyroid-function-in-preterm-infants\/","title":{"rendered":"How is thyroid function in preterm infants?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-flat ez-toc-counter ez-toc-white ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/ahmadfanaei.com\/en\/how-is-thyroid-function-in-preterm-infants\/#Thyroid_function_in_preterm_infants\" >Thyroid function in preterm infants<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/ahmadfanaei.com\/en\/how-is-thyroid-function-in-preterm-infants\/#Causes_of_hypothyroidism_in_preterm_infants\" >Causes of hypothyroidism in preterm infants<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/ahmadfanaei.com\/en\/how-is-thyroid-function-in-preterm-infants\/#Characteristics_of_hypothyroidism_in_preterm_infants\" >Characteristics of hypothyroidism in preterm infants<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/ahmadfanaei.com\/en\/how-is-thyroid-function-in-preterm-infants\/#Does_this_hypothyroidism_matter\" >Does this hypothyroidism matter?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/ahmadfanaei.com\/en\/how-is-thyroid-function-in-preterm-infants\/#Treatment\" >Treatment<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/ahmadfanaei.com\/en\/how-is-thyroid-function-in-preterm-infants\/#Reference\" >Reference:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Thyroid_function_in_preterm_infants\"><\/span><strong>Thyroid function in preterm infants<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Thyroid dysfunction is common in preterm infants. Congenital hypothyroidism causes neurodevelopmental impairment, which is preventable if properly treated. According to studies, hypothyroidism is more common in preterm infants than in term infants. Preterm infants have lower levels of tri-iodothyronine (T3) and free thyroxine (T4) than term infants during the first several weeks.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Causes_of_hypothyroidism_in_preterm_infants\"><\/span><strong>Causes of hypothyroidism in preterm infants<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Several factors are known to contribute to hypothyroidism in preterm infants, including:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>An immaturity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis,<\/li>\n<li>An immaturity of thyroidal capacity to concentrate and synthesize iodine,<\/li>\n<li>An immaturity of thyroid hormonal metabolism,<\/li>\n<li>Iodine insufficiency and iodine excess<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Characteristics_of_hypothyroidism_in_preterm_infants\"><\/span><strong>Characteristics of hypothyroidism in preterm infants<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Thyroid gland function develops and matures during fetal life, with production of serum thyroxine (T4) concentrations beginning around 12 weeks gestation and increasing to term. Infants born prior to term have lower cord serum T4 concentrations that correlate with gestational age or birth weight. This is partially the result of lower thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) concentrations. In contrast to term infants, preterm infants often experience a fall in serum T4 and T3 in the first week of life to below birth levels.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Does_this_hypothyroidism_matter\"><\/span><strong>Does this hypothyroidism matter?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Severe hypothyroxinaemia, as measured on blood spots in newborn screening programs has been associated with the followings:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>An increase in perinatal mortality and morbidity<\/li>\n<li>An increased risk of neurodevelopmental problems<\/li>\n<li>Reduced intelligence quotient (IQ)<\/li>\n<li>And disabling cerebral palsy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Treatment\"><\/span><strong>Treatment<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Treatment for a newborn with thyroid disease is more successful when started within the child\u2019s first month of life. If left untreated, low thyroid hormones can lead to problems with the nervous system or developmental delays. However, doctors regularly screen babies within the first four weeks of life, so these problems don\u2019t usually occur.<\/p>\n<p>Hyperthyroidism, an overactive thyroid gland, is seen only occasionally in newborns. If the mother has Graves&#8217; disease, the thyroid-stimulating antibodies in her blood can cross the placenta and stimulate the unborn child&#8217;s thyroid gland, thus producing too much thyroid hormone. No treatment may be necessary as the mother&#8217;s antibodies will soon clear from the baby&#8217;s bloodstream, usually within 2 to 3 months.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Reference\"><\/span><strong>Reference:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/10037080\">Https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/10037080<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/fn.bmj.com\/content\/87\/3\/F165\">https:\/\/fn.bmj.com\/content\/87\/3\/f165<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4510356\/\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/pmc4510356\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/ency\/article\/001193.htm\">https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/ency\/article\/001193.htm<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/thyroid-disease-in-children-2634344\">https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/thyroid-disease-in-children-2634344<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mydr.com.au\/kids-teens-health\/thyroid-disease-in-children\">https:\/\/www.mydr.com.au\/kids-teens-health\/thyroid-disease-in-children<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Thyroid function in preterm infants Thyroid dysfunction is common in preterm infants. Congenital hypothyroidism causes &#8230; <a class=\"cz_readmore\" href=\"https:\/\/ahmadfanaei.com\/en\/how-is-thyroid-function-in-preterm-infants\/\"><i class=\"far fa-square-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><span>\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":10132,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5279","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.4 (Yoast SEO v28.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>How is thyroid function in preterm infants? - Dr.Ahmad Fanaei<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ahmadfanaei.com\/en\/how-is-thyroid-function-in-preterm-infants\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How is thyroid function in preterm infants?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Thyroid function in preterm infants Thyroid dysfunction is common in preterm infants. 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