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What is thyroid diseases?
The thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located at the base of your neck just below the Adam’s apple. The endocrine system is responsible for coordinating many of your body’s activities. The thyroid gland manufactures hormones that regulate your body’s metabolism.Several different disorders can arise when your thyroid produces too much hormone (hyperthyroidism) or not enough (hypothyroidism). Thyroid disorders are included:
- Hypothyroidism
- Hyperthyroidism
- Thyroiditis
- Goiter
- Thyroid nodules
- Thyroid cancer
Hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism is when your thyroid does not make enough thyroid hormones. It is also called underactive thyroid. This slows down many of your body’s functions, like your metabolism. The most common cause of hypothyroidism is Hashimoto’s disease. In people with Hashimoto’s disease, the immune system mistakenly attacks the thyroid. Symptoms of hypothyroidism including:
- weight gain
- constipation
- muscle weakness or pain
- dry skin
- thinning hair
- slow heart rate
- less sweating than usual
- puffy face
- More than usual menstrual bleeding
Hyporthyroidism treated: Hypothyroidism is treated with medicine that gives your body the thyroid hormone it needs to work normally.
Hyperthyroidism
Hyperthyroidism, or overactive thyroid, causes your thyroid to make more thyroid hormone than your body needs. This speeds up many of your body’s functions, like your metabolism and heart rate. The most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease. Symptoms of hypothyroidism including:
- weight loss rapid
- irregular heartbeat or pounding of your heart
- nervous or anxiou feeling
- increased sweatin feeling hot when other people do not
- muscle weakness
- diarrhea or more bowel movements than normal fewer and lighter menstrual periods than normal
- reduce the amount of bleeding in menstruation
- changes in your eyes
Hyperthyroidism treated: Your doctor’s choice of treatment will depend on your symptoms and the cause of your hyperthyroidism. Treatments include:
- Antithyroid medicines: block your thyroid from making new thyroid hormone. These drugs do not cause lasting damage to the thyroid. These medicines can be helpful in slowing your heart rate and treating other symptoms until one of the other forms of treatment can take effect.
- Radioiodine: In this method, with the use of an oral medication, abnormal cells of the thyroid gland disappear, which significantly decreases thyroid activity.
- Surgery: The total or partial surgical removal of the thyroid is called a thyroidectomy. A thyroidectomy, when performed by an experienced surgeon, is a safe and effective treatment.
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